拟南芥长链脂肪醇氧化酶(AtFAO3)在抗病防卫反应中的作用分析

长链脂肪醇氧化物酶(FAO)基因编码一个与膜结合,包含黄素,产生H_2O_2的长链脂肪醇氧化酶.在拟南芥基因组中包含4个FAO同源基因.然而,拟南芥FAO在响应非生物和生物环境胁迫中起何种作用还不得而知.本研究中,我们分析了拟南芥AtFAO3在植物防卫病原细菌Pseudomonas syringae pathovar(pv.)tomato strain DC3000(Pst DC3000)中的作用.拟南芥原生质体细胞瞬时表达AtFAO3偶联GFP融合蛋白表明,AtFAO3定位于细胞膜.与野生型植株相比,拟南芥AtFAO3基因T-DNA插入突变体Atfao3在正常条件叶片中H_2O_2含量下降,在氧胁迫或生物胁迫下积累活性氧含量减少.接种病原细菌Pst DC3000后,与野生型植株相比,Atfao3突变体体内细菌繁殖数量增加,叶片病害症状加重,防卫相关基因PR1、PR2和PAL表达减弱.我们基于以上T-DNA突变体分析结果表明,AtFAO3在植物对病原细菌防卫中起重要作用.     

喷施赤霉素对甘蓝型油菜同源异型突变系AMS的影响

连续两年试验结果表明,对甘蓝型油菜同源异型无花瓣突变系(AMS)叶面喷施赤霉素(GA3)可明显改变AMS的开花性状,提高柱头外露率、花蕾质量、雌蕊长度和雌蕊质量;明显提高AMS植株生长速率,促进抽薹开花,使主花序的角果数明显增加;不同喷施浓度的试验表明在蕾薹期喷施1 700 mg/kg,2 200 mg/kg的处理效果较好;不同喷施浓度和时期的交互试验表明:喷施浓度和时期间存在交互作用, 相同浓度处理在蕾薹期的喷施效果优于显蕾期,在同一时期内喷施2 200 mg/kg处理的效果优于其他浓度处理,综合比较在蕾薹期喷施2 200 mg/kg处理的效果最佳.     

纽荷尔脐橙变异株系果实品质分析研究

对9份纽荷尔脐橙试材(6个变异株系+3个对照)进行了果实品质的测定分析,研究结果表明,与对照纽荷尔脐橙相比,6个变异株系在可食率、可溶性同形物含量、固酸比、Vc含量、出汁率等多项果实品质指数上表现出优势,且变异株系母子代果实品质性状具有较好的稳定性.     

Tryptophan synthesis block-associated sugar response, a physiological marker for rapid selection of Arabidopsis thaliana transformants, marked with feedback-inhibition-insensitive anthranilate synthase gene

The feedback-insensitive anthranilate synthase (AS) gene was used as a selection marker for transformants of Arabidopsis thaliana . The mutant gene ( mAS1-2 ) was constructed by substituting nucleotide at the effector-binding site of the intrinsic AS gene via PCR-mediated site-directed mutagenesis and flanked with the myrosinase promoter pyk10 to drive its expression during initial root elongation. This inducible gene cassette was first introduced into Agrobacterium tumefaciens and then delivered into A. thaliana by floral-dip inoculation. 5-methyltryptophan (5-MT) inhibited AS and suppressed seedling growth of wild type plants as a result of tryptophan starvation. With the addition of sucrose (10 mg/ml), 5-MT inhibited cotyledon opening and caused anthocyanin to accumulate in juvenile seedlings. The present mutant reversed the tryptophan starvation caused by 5-MT and blocked subsequent sugar responses. The sugar responses were detected in non-transformed plants grown on a selection medium containing 10 mg/ml of sucrose and 10 μg/ml of 5-MT after 3 days of incubation. Thus, true transformants could be selected after a short incubation, compared to the conventional kanamycin-selection method that did not eliminate all non-transformed plants.     

Genetic Analysis and Mapping of TWH Gene in Rice Twisted Hull Mutant

A mutant with twisted hulls was found in a breeding population of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The mutant shows less grain weight and inferior grain quality in addition to twisted hulls. Genetic analysis indicated that the phenotype of mutant was controlled by a single recessive gene (temporarily designated as TWH). To map the TWH gene, an F2 population was generated by crossing the twh mutant to R725, an indica rice variety with normal hulls. For bulked segregant analysis, the bulk of mutant plants was prepared by mixing equal amount of plant tissue from 10 twisted-hull plants and the bulk of normal plants was obtained by pooling equal amount tissue of 10 normal-hull plants. Two hundred and seven pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers, which are distributed on 12 rice chromosomes, were used for polymorphism analysis of the parents and the two bulks. The TWH locus was initially mapped close to the SSR marker RM526 on chromosome 2. Therefore, further mapping was performed using 50 pairs of SSR primers around the marker RM526. The TWH was delimited between the SSR markers RM14128 and RM208 on the long arm of chromosome 2 at the genetic distances of 1.4 cM and 2.7 cM, respectively. These results provide the foundation for further fine mapping, cloning and functional analysis of the TWH gene.     

Genetic Analysis and Molecular Mapping of Light-Sensitive Red-Root Mutant in Rice

The light-sensitive red-root mutant, designated as HG1, was newly observed from an indica rice variety, Nankinkodo, when seedlings were grown with roots exposed to natural light. The root color of the mutant began to turn slight-red when the roots were exposed to the light at the intensity of 29 μmol/(m2·s), then turned dark-red at the light intensity of 180 μmol/(m2·s), suggesting that the root color of the mutant was evidently sensitive to light. Furthermore, genetic analysis showed that the character of ...     

叶绿素荧光技术在筛选光合突变体中的应用

叶绿素荧光技术作为光合作用研究的手段,在光合突变体筛选中起到了重要作用。使用该技术,大量光合突变体得以分离,并且随着分子生物学的进展,突变基因也被陆续克隆,同时利用这一技术的筛选方法也随着人们对光合作用机制认识的深入,不断得到了改进,本研究就这方面进展做以综述。     

Generation and characterisation of Tn5-tagged <Emphasis Type="Italic">Xanthomonas oryzae</Emphasis> pv. <Emphasis Type="Italic">oryzae</Emphasis> mutants that overcome <Emphasis Type="Italic">Xa23</Emphasis>-mediated resistance to bacterial blight of rice

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae causes bacterial blight of rice. Xa23, a bacterial blight resistance gene identified originally in wild rice, Oryza rufipogon, is dominant and resistant to all X. oryzae pv. oryzae field isolates tested. The corresponding avirulence gene avrXa23 is unknown. Here we report the generation of a random insertion mutant library of X. oryzae pv. oryzae strain PXO99 using a Tn5-derived transposon tagging system, and identification of mutant strains that are virulent on CBB23, a near-isogenic rice line containing Xa23. A total of 24,192 Tn5 inserted clones was screened on CBB23 by leaf-cutting inoculation and at least eight of them caused lesions on CBB23 comparable to those on JG30, the susceptible recurrent parent of CBB23. Polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analysis showed that all the eight mutants, designated as P99M1, P99M2, P99M3, P99M4, P99M5, P99M6, P99M7 and P99M8, have a single Tn5-insertion in their genomes. The flanking DNA sequences of the Tn5-insertion sites were isolated by PCR-walking and sequenced. Bioinformatic analysis of the flanking sequences, by aligning them with the whole genome sequences of X. oryzae pv. oryzae strains PXO99, KACC10331 and MAFF311018 through NCBI, revealed that the Tn5-insertions disrupted genes that encode TAL effector AvrBs3/PthA, ISXo1 transposase, Type II secretion system protein-like protein or outer membrane protein, glycogen synthase, cytochrome C5 and conserved hypothetical protein. Further identification of these mutants will facilitate the molecular cloning of avirulence gene avrXa23. The authors C.-L. Wang, A.-B. Xu contributed equally to this work; Y. Gao and Y.-L. Fan contributed equally to this work.     

Fine mapping of a day‐length‐sensitive dwarf gene in rice

Dwarf mutants are valuable and crucial resources for genetic research and crop breeding programme in rice. In this study, we identified a dwarf mutant derive from tissue culture, which exhibited a delayed heading date and dwarfism under long‐day growth conditions, suggesting the heading date of dwarf mutant was sensitive to day length. Based on 2000 F₂ mutant‐like individuals from the cross of the mutant and a Japonica var. ‘IRAT129’, the dwarf gene was finally narrowed into a 512‐kb region near the centromere on chromosome 9. According to the sequence analysis of a delimited region, 21 genes had base alternations either in promoters (15 SNPs) or in coding regions (6 InDels) among 73 annotated genes, and five genes were confirmed sequence alternations resulting from their expression mainly in the vegetative organs. Given to the RNAi plants of the five genes incapable to mimic dwarf and late heading date phenotype, the candidate gene remains to be identified by other genetic or molecular methods. Therefore, all these results give us informative foundation for the day‐length‐sensitive dwarf gene isolation.     

与亚洲棉光籽突变体DPL972中光籽基因紧密连锁的SSR分子标记的开发与应用

对棉纤维相关性状基因的克隆及遗传分析可为阐明纤维形成机制奠定良好基础.以野生型材料DPL971及其光籽突变体DPL972为亲本构建F2群体,其中光籽与毛籽性状分离比符合3∶1,表明突变体DPL972中的光籽基因为显性单基因(将其命名为GaFzl).结合棉花基因组数据,合成1567对SSR(Simple sequence repeat)引物,覆盖了A组13条染色体,标记多态性分析和群体连锁分析发现在染色体A08上存在15对与光籽基因GaFzl连锁的标记,其中最近的标记为SSR82,遗传距离为6.6 cM.本实验完成了GaFzl基因的染色体初步定位,开发了15个与其连锁的SSR标记,为下一步图位克隆奠定了基础.